![Lightning’s impact on forests’ big trees](https://millertonnews.com/media-library/evan-gora-forest-ecologist-getting-ready-to-land-at-one-of-the-research-sites-in-panama-where-he-will-study-lightning-strikes.jpg?id=48215850&width=980&quality=90)
Evan Gora, forest ecologist, getting ready to land at one of the research sites in Panama, where he will study lightning strikes in the forested areas. Photo Submitted by Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
MILLBROOK — There was a time when trees were thought of mostly for building shelter or providing fuel, for warmth, light or cooking.
Today, trees are the subject of research and study through many programs at the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies. On Thursday, Oct. 20, one of its scientists discussed the impact of lightning on tropical forests, what the future holds for those forests and what it could mean for the Northern Hemisphere.
Cary’s President, Josh Ginsberg, had the conversation with Evan Gora, who holds a doctorate in Forest Ecology from the University of Louisville. His specialties cover plant death and decomposition, as well as the causes of death, such as lightning. Gora, a Cary scientist, is an Earl S. Tupper Fellow and works with Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Panama.
The studies are taking place in Latin America, Rwanda, Brazil, Uganda, Panama and the Dominican Republic. Scientists, ecologists, tropical ecologists are researching and studying the trees in these forests due to the fact that many of these trees are very old, some as much as 1500 years, and others even older.
They are also large trees, and so have the biggest impact on the land that surrounds them. One of the most important functions of trees is in providing carbon storage.
This conversation was mainly concerned with how the very large and very old trees fare during climate change, as massive lightning strikes have become in some instances more frequent, and in some cases more intense. The older a tree is, the larger it is, the more carbon storage it provides. So each tree lost adds up to a large amount of carbon storage loss, and is a big influence on the ecosystem processes.
The study of these losses in the tropical forests will allow scientists to follow patterns, and to understand the importance of the morbidity of trees in the ecosystem, and enabling some predictions about the future of the forests.
The studies examine why trees die, how and when they decompose, what the conditions are that determine this.
The reason studying lightning strikes is so beneficial to the studies is because the lightning hit on one tree can mean the death of many trees. The largest and tallest tree, the canopy tree, can take down surrounding trees along with catching fire itself. Lightning flows outward. It may kill five trees and damage as many as 18 trees — a significant amount of carbon storage gone.
Gora said that lightning strikes are hard to predict and just as hard to locate. But with climate change, some areas have seen accelerated events. Central Africa has seen a rise of about 50%. It has been estimated that in New York, by 2050, carbon storage will decrease by 25% to 50%.
One method of finding the strikes is through the use of drones. Information gathered can be used to plan the planting of future forests. By knowing the causes of death, the trees best suited to withstand lightning strikes and other hazards, newly planted forest can be planned to last longer and be safer from the usual causes of tree death.
Gora points out that there has been little investment made in tropical forests, and the study of tropical forests can be useful in helping to understand our local forests and their problems.
Studying tropical forests also can help in the planning of reforesting our own local forests. Lightning strikes are similar around the world, and they are massively misunderstood.
What can we do locally to help our forests to thrive, and reduce the carbon impact? Gora had some suggestions: minimize your impact by reducing your carbon footprint and offset the rest by decreasing your consumption of beef and palm oil. He also suggests supporting science by investing in the research needed to guide resilient management and reforestation. Lastly, he said, use your voice to advocate for the protection of old growth forests.
Maxon Mills in Wassaic hosted a majority of the events of the local Upstate Art Weekend events in the community.
WASSAIC — Art enthusiasts from all over the country flocked to the Catskill Mountains and Hudson Valley to participate in Upstate Art Weekend, which ran from July 18 to July 21.
The event, which “celebrates the cultural vibrancy of Upstate New York”, included 145 different locations where visitors could enjoy and interact with art.
On Saturday, July 20, The Wassaic Project hosted numerous community events. Will Hutnick, the director of artistic programming, said “We’ve been a part of it since the beginning, this is the fifth year of UPAW.”
Most of the action was based at Maxon Mills, the seven-floor grain mill located in the heart of Wassaic. On exhibit was work from 30 artists, 18 of whom were past residents of The Wassaic Project. “Artists can come and do a residency here, meaning they live and work with one another for a couple months at a time,” Hutnick stated.
The first floor held work by Petra Szilagyi, who uses dirt and linseed oil to construct images of paranormal concepts, most of which include bats. They reflected that a recent trip to a fifth sense competition in Vietnam was the influence behind the exhibit.
Across the floor was Tiffany Smith’s interactive installation which incorporated plants and wicker chairs, all of which were objects associated with her Carribean upbringing. “The room being filled with plants is symbolic of hurricane prep which often included bringing the plants from outside into the house,” Smith said.
As visitors made their way up the narrow wooden stairs, music could be heard from behind the walls. The echoing music was Daniel Shieh’s installation, entitled Mother’s Anthem, which played a recording of the American Anthem in 30 languages. The languages ranged from Spanish and Italian to Navajo and Bengali.
Each floor was filled with artwork of all mediums, including painting, fibers, collage and photography. Rachel Bussières, who switched her concentration after watching the 2017 solar eclipse, uses varying light sources to produce lumen prints. During the wildfires, she recounted that she “made a new exposure each day to capture the changing air quality”.
Luciana Abait also incorporates the natural world into her pieces, instead using maps. An environmental activist originally from Argentina, Abait’s work highlights “environmental fragility, specifically the impacts it has on immigrants.” Her installation that is currently on display at Maxon Mills, takes the form of a mountain range built solely from maps of the US and Argentina.
Throughout the day, visitors could “Arm Wrestle 4 A Popsicle”. Winners had the choice of 3 playfully flavored trout-inspired popsicles - Nightcrawler, Power Bait, and Salmon Roe. Artist Katie Peck, who spent the day in costume as a rainbow trout, encouraged guests to step up and try their hand at an arm wrestle.
Shibori Indigo dyeing, group meditation, and dance workshops were open for community members of all ages as well.
While the daytime activities fostered appreciation of fixed art, a dance party until midnight at The Lantern Inn offered guests a space for performative art.
When describing the environment of The Wassaic Project, Smith emphasized, “It’s all community, it’s all love.”
A serene scene during the Garden Tour in Amenia.
AMENIA — The much-anticipated annual Amenia Garden Tour drew a steady stream of visitors to admire five local gardens on Saturday, July 13, each one demonstrative of what a green thumb can do. An added advantage was the sense of community as neighbors and friends met along the way.
Each garden selected for the tour presented a different garden vibe. Phantom’s Rock, the garden of Wendy Goidel, offered a rocky terrain and a deep rock pool offering peaceful seclusion and anytime swims. Goidel graciously welcomed visitors and answered questions about the breathtaking setting.
Amenia Finance Director Charlie Miller welcomed visitors to his Bog Hollow Road garden in Wassaic, a manicured expansive yard with well-placed garden beds framing a far-reaching view. He said he plans carefully each winter for the next spring’s improvement.
The organic, environmentally responsible Maitri Farm was next, a lesson in coordinating agriculture with natural balance. The farm stand and a walk among the greenhouses brought visitors together.
Near the center of Amenia was the garden of Polly Pitts-Garvin, offering a chance to visit a robust vegetable garden with raised beds to be envious of and a remarkable absence of any insects or usual vegetable garden problems.
At Chez Cheese, the vast garden acreage surrounding the 1850s historic home of Joan Feeney and Bruce Phillips in Millerton, visitors could begin at refreshment stations where walking tour maps of the 15-acre property were available. There were streams and ponds with docks, and a dozen bridges arranged around the landscape. In the 19th-century, the property had been the home of the Wilson Cheese Factory, inspiring the name of the estate.
The Amenia Garden Tour was supported this year by Paley’s Garden Center in Sharon.
Gary Dodson working a tricky pool on the Schoharie Creek, hoping to lure something other than a rock bass from the depths.
PRATTSVILLE, N.Y. — The Schoharie Creek, a fabled Catskill trout stream, has suffered mightily in recent decades.
Between pressure from human development around the busy and popular Hunter Mountain ski area, serious flooding, and the fact that the stream’s east-west configuration means it gets the maximum amount of sunlight, the cool water required for trout habitat is simply not as available as in the old days.
This is not a new phenomenon. It does seem to be getting worse, though.
Gary Dodson and I convened where the creek makes its final run into the Schoharie reservoir, part of the New York City water supply system, on a semi-broiling Thursday afternoon, July 11.
The goal was simple. Catch smallmouth bass, which abound in the lower section of the river.
This was hot stuff — as in an 80-degree water temperature.
The air temperature was actually slightly less at 77.
After negotiating the intensely slippery rocks, festooned with treacherous algae, the first major pool presented several difficulties, with a back eddy competing with a main flow and several large trees draped about the whole thing.
I hit on the simplest strategy, which was to flip a weighted attractor fly called a Tequilley into the start of the eddy so it would proceed slowly but steadily into the maelstrom, sinking all the while.
This worked. A proper adult smallmouth, with bronze coloring and vertical stripes, took the thing.
The point-and-shoot camera finally died, however, and I was not going to try to fumble my phone out for a nice but routine fish photo.
Why not?
Because I guarantee the fish would have made a sudden, last-moment bolt for freedom, causing me to drop the device into the drink.
Gary moved downstream while I continued trying to annoy the residents of the pool, succeeding a couple of times with different colored Wooly Buggers.
Then we all got bored and I moved off, where Gary was catching rock bass and cussing them out for not being something else. I have to admit, they are not the most compelling critters. Something about the red eyes.
This latest trip was dominated by extremely tedious and distasteful Harry Homeowner activities, but on both Wednesday and
Thursday mornings I prowled Woodland Valley Creek. By “morning” I mean “dawn,” because that was when the water temps were down to a barely acceptable 64.
I made the acquaintance of several stocked browns and of a handful of their wild cousins. The wild fish are smaller and nimbler.
The successful ploy was an Adams wet fly, size 16, drifted behind something big, like a Parachute Adams or Stimulator.