Forest pathologist’s grim outlook for tree diseases

Forest pathologist’s grim outlook for tree diseases
Robert Marra of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station discusssed four tree diseases with a Norfolk audience on Saturday, July 16. 
Photo by Patrick L. Sullivan

NORFOLK — Robert Marra of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES) told an audience that genetic engineering might prove a better strategy than creating hybrids in restoring American chestnuts. Marra, a forest pathologist at CAES, spoke to a group of about 50 people at Great Mountain Forest in Norfolk on Saturday, July 16.

Marra said the genetic chestnut idea is “highly contested” but could prove to be more effective than creating hybrid strains of American chestnut and blight-resistant Asian chestnut. (An example of the hybrid approach exists in a grove in Falls Village.)

Prior to widespread American chestnut blight, Marra said estimates put the percentage of American chestnut trees in hardwood forests in the eastern United States at somewhere between 30% and 50%.

The blight was caused by a parasitic fungus that was accidentally introduced into the U.S. in 1904, from imported Asian chestnut trees, which are resistant to the fungus.

By about 1950, the disease “was as widespread as the tree itself.”

Beech bark disease threatens American beeches and, to some extent, European beeches.

The villain in this case is am exotic scale insect, likely imported on European beech trees in the late 19th century.

The insect eats the bark, creating a white, waxy wooly substance.

The damage to the bark allows a native fungus to get into the tree. Marra said without the bug paving the way, the disease would not exist.

The scale insect was introduced in Nova Scotia around 1890, and Marra said the disease is widespread in the northeast and heading south at least as far as the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina and Tennessee.

Beech leaf disease is a more recent development. Marra said it was first identified in 2012 in Ohio, and affects American, European and Oriental beech trees.

The leaves become banded, with darker areas the primary clue that the disease has struck.

Marra said foresters had no immediate answers for the disease, and that by 2019 it had spread into upstate New York, Pennsylvania, the New York City metro area, and Connecticut.

Marra showed photos of affected trees in West Rock Ridge State Park in New Haven and Hamden.

The result, he said, is trees that provide little or no canopy because of their degraded leaves.

“There’s not a lot of photosynthesis going on.”

Marra said the culprit has been identified as a nematode (aka eelworm), a plant parasite. The specific nematode here is litylenchus crenatae mccannii.

“This is confirmed and proven as causal,” Marra said firmly.

Any “wet event” (rain, drizzle, dew, or humidity) will trigger the movement and deleterious work of the nematode.

Marra wound up the grim litany of tree disease with oak wilt, first spotted in Wisconsin in 1944, and now in 21 states.

Marra said the fungus Bretziella fagacaerum grows on the oak trees, with disastrous results. The fungus is spread by oak bark beetles.

“Once it sets in it goes crazy and blocks water transport” within the tree. Marra said the result is often mistaken for effects of drought.

“All oaks are susceptible,” Marra said, red oaks most of all.

Symptoms include rapid leaf discoloration and wilting, starting at the top of the tree and moving down.

A diseased tree can die in as little as three weeks.

Is oak wilt in Connecticut?

“We don’t know,” said Marra. The CAES is collecting samples, and there was one tree in Guilford that received scrutiny.

Marra said New York state, where there is definitely oak wilt, the state has set up quarantine protocols.

But Connecticut does not have any measures in place.

Isolation and prevention measures are expensive, Marra said, showing a slide of a million-dollar piece of equipment, a vibratory plow, in use in Minnesota.

And the machine “probably wouldn’t work here,” Marra said. “Guess why?”

“Rocks!” said the audience.

 

 

 

entered 7-17 ps

edited 7-17 jc

Latest News

Oblong bookseller retires after 42 years on Main Street

Longtime Oblong Books employee Lisa Wright in the Millerton store on Main Street. Wright will be retiring from her position on Monday, Feb. 23, after more than 40 years at the shop.

Photo by Aly Morrissey

MILLERTON — Longtime bookseller Lisa Wright has announced her retirement from Millerton’s Oblong Books, marking the end of a 42-year run that made her the longest-serving employee of the 50-year-old shop. She was among Oblong’s first booksellers and said her departure is bittersweet. “I decided I wanted to walk away while I still loved it,” she said.

Though she is stepping away from daily life behind the counter, Wright won’t be disappearing entirely from the store. Even after her final day on Monday, Feb. 23, she plans to continue writing her signature “shelf-talkers” — handwritten notes taped to the shelves to help browsers discover new books.

Keep ReadingShow less
Cascade Creek subject to full impact study
The proposed site of Hudson River Housing’s Cascade Creek workforce housing subdivision on Route 44.
Photo by Nathan Miller

AMENIA — The Planning Board voted Wednesday to require a more detailed environmental review of the proposed 28-unit Cascade Creek workforce housing subdivision — a move that could delay the project by six to 12 months.

Under the New York State Environmental Quality Review Act, the vote — known as a positive declaration — means the board determined the project may have significant environmental impacts that require further study before it can proceed.

Keep ReadingShow less
Public debate on North East’s zoning rewrite to continue March 20
The Town of North East’s Boulevard District — a stretch of Route 44 between Millerton and the New York State border — is the town’s largest commercial zone. The proposed zoning rewrite would allow mixed-use buildings with residential apartments above ground-floor retail.
Photo by Aly Morrisey

MILLERTON — Town Board members voted last week to continue the public hearing on the town’s proposed zoning overhaul, setting a new date of Friday, March 20, at 7 p.m.

The North East Town Board also scheduled a special workshop for Tuesday, March 3, at 5 p.m. to review public comments and concerns raised during February hearings, including calls for clearer explanations of the new code’s intent and requests to expand permitted uses in commercial districts. Board members set those dates at their regular meeting Thursday, Feb. 12, which included a public hearing on the zoning rewrite along with routine department reports.

Keep ReadingShow less
google preferred source

Want more of our stories on Google? Click here to make us a Preferred Source.

Local filmmaker debuts indie horror film at Millerton’s Moviehouse

Keith Boynton

Photo by Aly Morrissey

MILLERTON — Local writer and filmmaker Keith Boynton premiered his indie slasher film “The Haunted Forest” on Friday the 13th at the Millerton Moviehouse in front of a hometown crowd, marking the movie’s first public screening — the same day it debuted on Amazon Prime Video and other platforms.

With a body of work spanning decades in drama and comedy — including “The Winter House,” starring Lily Taylor — this is Boynton’s first foray into the horror genre.

Keep ReadingShow less
Former church building approved for multimedia academy

The former Presbyterian church on Main Street in Millerton will soon become the second location of Caffeine Academy, a multimedia education center originally founded in West Babylon, New York.

Photo by Nathan Miller

MILLERTON — The long-vacant Presbyterian church on Main Street is poised for a new life after the Millerton Planning Board granted approval to a new education business Wednesday, Feb. 11.

Caffeine Academy, founded by Alex That in West Babylon, New York, plans to transform the prominent building into a center for multimedia production training, offering instruction in digital music, video production and related arts.

Keep ReadingShow less

Be my Valentine

Be my Valentine
Photo by Leila Hawken

Ashlyn Price, 7, designs a festive Valentine’s crown with sticky hearts and pipe cleaners during a craft session at Amenia Town Hall on Saturday, Feb. 14. Children and parents created red-and-pink heart headpieces and other holiday crafts at the event, organized by the Amenia Recreation Commission. Recreation Leader Cassidy Howard said she was pleased with both the turnout and the enthusiasm.

google preferred source

Want more of our stories on Google? Click here to make us a Preferred Source.

google preferred source

Want more of our stories on Google? Click here to make us a Preferred Source.